horizontal price-fixing
horizontal price-fixing 横向统一定价；横向限价 处于同一层次上的竞争者，如同行业的生产商、批发商、零售商之间的统一价格，以消除竞争为目的，从而为反托拉斯法所禁止。
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Search Results for: horizontal price-fixing
horizontal competition
Competition between a seller and its competitors. • The Sherman Act prohibits unrea-sonable restraints on horizontal competition, such as price-fixing agreements between competitors. — Also termed primary-line competition.
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vertical price-fixing agreement
vertical price-fixing agreement 纵向固定价格协议 生产商与批发商、零售商或批发商与零售商间或相互间订立的旨在维持商品转售价格的协议，这种协议为反垄断法所禁止。 (→horizontal price-fixing)
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price-fixing
price-fixing n. 〈美〉价格固定 为某一商品涨价、降价、定价、限价或稳定价格之目的且具有该效果而组成的联合。由竞争的厂商合作固定价格水平或范围，但自然的市场力量则不会如此。此类协议违反了《谢尔曼反托拉斯法》〔Sherman Antitrust Act〕。该法规定的价格固定有两种：水平价格固定和垂直价格固定。前者指竞争者之间的协议，如竞争之零售商之间的协议；后者旨在控制零售价格，如制造商与零售商之间的协议。州律师协会提出并执行的最低收费表亦属于《谢尔曼反托拉斯法》禁止的价格固定行为。 (→horizontal price-fixing; resale price maintenance; vertical price-fixing contract)
horizontal price fixing
Price-fixing among competitors on the same level, such as retailers throughout an industry. [Cases: Monopolies 17(1.7). C.J.S. Monopolies §§ 83–85, 87.]
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price fixing
price-fixing. The artificial setting or maintenance of prices at a certain level, contrary to the workings of the free market. • Price-fixing is usu. illegal per se under antitrust law. See FIX(3). [Cases: Monopolies 17(1.7). C.J.S. Monopolies §§ 83–85, 87.] “Price-fixing agreements may or may not be aimed at complete elimination of price competition. The
competition
competition. The struggle for commercial advantage; the effort or action of two or more commercial interests to obtain the same business from third parties. fair competition. Open, equitable, and just competition between business competitors. horizontal competition. Competition between a seller and its competitors. • The Sherman Act prohibits unrea-sonable restraints on horizontal competition, such as